Elemental composition of Earth's ocean water (by mass)
Element
Percent
Oxygen
85.84
Sulfur
0.091
Hydrogen
10.82
Calcium
0.04
Chlorine
1.94
Potassium
0.04
Sodium
1.08
Bromine
0.0067
Magnesium
0.1292
Carbon
0.0028
sea water for abundance of elements in the ocean, but note that that list is by mass - a list by molarity (mole-fraction) would look very different for the first 4 elements; specifically, hydrogen would comprise nearly two-thirds of the number of all atoms because hydrogen itself comprises two of the three atoms of all water molecules.
Atmosphere
The order of elements by volume-fraction (which is approximately molecular mole-fraction) in the atmosphere is nitrogen (78.1%), oxygen (20.9%), argon (0.96%), followed by (in uncertain order) carbon and hydrogen because water vapor and carbon dioxide which represent most of these two elements in the air are variable components. Sulfur, phosphorus, and all other elements are present in significantly lower proportions.
According to the above graphic, argon, a significant if not major component of the atmosphere, does not appear in the crust at all because argon, an inert gas, cannot remain within the crust.
citation from wilimedia.org
Element
Percent
Oxygen
85.84
Sulfur
0.091
Hydrogen
10.82
Calcium
0.04
Chlorine
1.94
Potassium
0.04
Sodium
1.08
Bromine
0.0067
Magnesium
0.1292
Carbon
0.0028
sea water for abundance of elements in the ocean, but note that that list is by mass - a list by molarity (mole-fraction) would look very different for the first 4 elements; specifically, hydrogen would comprise nearly two-thirds of the number of all atoms because hydrogen itself comprises two of the three atoms of all water molecules.
Atmosphere
The order of elements by volume-fraction (which is approximately molecular mole-fraction) in the atmosphere is nitrogen (78.1%), oxygen (20.9%), argon (0.96%), followed by (in uncertain order) carbon and hydrogen because water vapor and carbon dioxide which represent most of these two elements in the air are variable components. Sulfur, phosphorus, and all other elements are present in significantly lower proportions.
According to the above graphic, argon, a significant if not major component of the atmosphere, does not appear in the crust at all because argon, an inert gas, cannot remain within the crust.
citation from wilimedia.org
